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RESEARCH ARTLICLE:
1.
Physiology of African nightshades (Solanum scabrum
Mill. and Solanum villosum Mill.) as Influenced by Soil
Water Deficit
O.M. Jomo, G.W. Netondo, H.O. Okello, S.S Fedha and D.M. Musyim
137-146
Abstract:
Limitations in soil
water impair physiological processes hence affecting
bioproductivity which in turn lowers agricultural production
thereby contributing to food insecurity. This research was
designed to investigate the effects of soil water deficit on
physiology of two African nightshades, (S. scabrum Mill. and S.
villosum Mill) which are widely consumed in Kenya due to their
high nutritional value. The experiment was conducted at Maseno
University, Botanic Garden under glasshouse conditions. The
experiment was laid out as a completely randomized design (CRD
factorial, consisting of four treatments and three replications.
The treatments were: T1-watering daily (control), T2-watering
after every three days (the 3rd and 6th
day), T3-watering the 9th day and T4-watering the 12th
day.
Stomatal conductance and leaf temperature were determined by use
of a steady-state porometer. Chlorophyll fluorescence was
determined by use of a portable fluorescence monitoring system.
Soil moisture content was determined gravimetrically. Data
collected was analyzed using MSTAT-C statistical computer
package. Results showed that the two species of African
nightshades were significantly (p≤0.05) affected by water
deficit. Water deficit caused a decrease in stomatal
conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence while leaf temperature
increased with increasing soil water deficit except during the
flowering stage.
Key Words: African
nightshades, physiology, soil water deficit, Maseno University
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2.
A
Study of Environmental and Health Effects of Insect Repellents
Chinmaya Agarwal and Avdesh Bhardawaj
147-150
Abstract:
With the spurt of
population explosion and variable standards of modern living, a
lot of problems have emancipated like insects invading human
territories. The most common solution provided for getting rid
of insects is chemical insect repellents. Normally people
perceive nothing harmful about such insect repellents for their
health and environment. It is normal practice to switch on (or
apply on our body) mosquito repellents unaware of its harmful
effects on human health if we are bitten by an insect or usually
in our bedrooms whole night. They contain several chemicals
which individually and together can impose such diseases on
humans that may prove incurable. Not much research has been done
on this topic but works till date have indicated that these
products are dangerous for children (especially infants) and
pregnant women. This paper gives an insight into the harmful
effects that these chemical repellents pose and possible
solutions for protection from these.
Key Words:
Insect repellent, human health,
environment, mosquito coil
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3.
Purity Testing of the Raw and Processed Plant Origin Drugs for
Phytoformulation
Ishrat Alim, Ayesha Fatima Rizvi, Saba Khan
and Mohammad Rafi 151-157
Abstract:
Madhya Pradesh is a reservoir of biodiversity as it has rich and
very diverse forest resources. Medicinal plant materials which
are used as home remedies and offcourse essential element
supplement represent a substantial proportion of the global dru
market. Henceforth, it is necessary to establish a data base
regarding the proximate analysis and elements as supplementary
constituents. The methods related to
sample treatment and preparation for pre-treatment
solubilisation of the samples
are essential for
trace and heavy metal analysis in the herbal drugs
which are being formulated by using such plants parts. In this
way, we may established the protocol and standard operating
procedure internationally on the basis of recognized guide lines
which are applied on the quality assurance of the particular
drugs.
Level of essential and toxic metals in the selected plants is a
matter of great concern all over the world.
Here we report that whether the selected plant species viz.,
Chlorophytum borivillianum (Safed Musli), Emblica officinalis (Awla),
and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) used as raw and processed
phytoformulation are safe or not in regard to physico-chemical
characteristics and the metal contaminants having permissible
range of the trace essential elements. Present study has been
under taken to establish the methods which are technically
viable and feasible.
Key Words:
Food and Agri-produce, Quality assurance, Physico-chemical
characteristics, Nutritional constituents,
Metal contaminants.
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4.
Studies on Effect of Long Term Storage of
Jatropha Oil, Blends of Jatropha Oil with Diesel and Bio-diesel
on Quality
R.N. Singh, Shaishav Sharma and D.K. Vyas
158-162
Abstract:
Storage of oil is an important factor that impacts the shelf
life and quality of oil as well as its impact on the storage
parts. A study was designed and carried out by making
different blends of Jatropha oil and diesel in the proportion of
10:90, 20:80, 50:50, 80:20, 90:10, and 100:0 with 100% diesel as
control. Freshly prepared bio-diesel from Jatropha oil was also
kept for storage along with Jatropha oil- diesel blends. Blends
and controls were stored for a period of one year. Storage
studies indicated that while Jatropha oil could be stored for
about 3 months and bio-diesel for about 12 months without much
change in the viscosity and free fatty acid. Jatropha oil could
safely be stored for one year when up to 20% oil was blended
with diesel. Blending with higher than 20% of Jatropha oil, the
viscosity and free fatty acid increased significantly. There was
no significant change in the dimensions of the metallic
components coming in contact with blends of Jatropha oil with
diesel. However, the non-metallic components such as gasket and
rubber washer were affected. No significant changes were
observed in case of PVC pipe dipped in Jatropha oil-diesel blend
up to 20%.
Key Words:
Blended Jatropha oil, Storage, Viscosity, Free fatty acids
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5.
Efficacy
of Sustainable Technologies for Fluoride Removal from
Groundwater Resource: A General View
K.R. Jeya, A. Sakthidesai, S. Rajakumar and P.M. Ayyasamy
163-172
Abstract:
Fluoride is a non-biodegradable contaminant that accumulates in
the entire environmental components like aquatics, plants and
human beings. High fluoride concentrations are especially
critical in developing countries, because of lack of suitable
infrastructure for treatment. Fluoride has a significant
mitigating effect against dental caries if the concentration is
approximately 1mg/l. However, continuing consumption of higher
concentrations can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. Further,
efficiency of novel method is considered necessary to adopt for
fluoride removal from wastes, aqueous media and plant sources by
membrane and adsorption techniques. The present evaluation
emphasized on efficiency of different techniques for the removal
of fluoride from water and plants. The result of the exploratory
study on different parameters resembling pH, agitation time,
fluoride concentration, temperature and particle size are
operate for fluoride removal capacity through membrane,
adsorption and plant materials.
Key Words:
Fluoride contamination, Fluorosis,
Defluoridation,
adsorption, fluoride removal
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6.
Light-Trap
Catch of Moth Species of the Becse-Type
Light Trap in
Connection With the Height of
the Tropopause
János Puskás, László Nowinszky and Zoltán Mészáros
173-178
Abstract:
In present study we examined the connection between height of
tropopause and the light-trap catch moth species. The data of 8
Microlepidoptera and 26 Macrolepidoptera species were caught
from the material of a Becse-type light-trap between1969 and
1973 Groups were made for data of the height of tropopause. The
relative catch values of the examined species were categorised
according to the characteristics of tropopause on each day,
after it these values were summarised, averaged and depicted. We
defined the parameters of the regression equations.
Most species are
collected in connection with
the increasing
the height of the tropopause,
but decrease was
observed only in case of three
species. Often
can
be
experienced
the
increase
of
the
catch
after the
decrease of it
if
the
values
of
the
tropopause height is high.
The different
form of behaviour, however, is not
linked to the
taxonomic position.
Key Words:
Becse-type Light trap, Tropopause
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7.
Practices
of Shifting Cultivation and its Implications in Mizoram,
North-East India: A Review of Existing Research
Vishwambhar Prasad Sati and P. Rinawma
179-187
Abstract:
This paper reviews the practices of
shifting cultivation and its implications in Mizoram, North-East
India. Mizoram has been remaining isolated from the main stream
of development for the centuries. Agriculture is the main
occupation of the people. About 80% population is engaged in its
practices. Shifting cultivation is dominant in the highlands.
The lowlands and valleys are characterized by the permanent wet
rice cultivation. The data about the area under shifting
cultivation is not unanimous. It varies from 18% of the total
geographical area to 28%, according to the various studies
carried out by the scholars. Out of the total net sown area,
shifting cultivation covers about 38.64%. Rice is the main crop.
However, its production meets only 25% of the total rice
consumption. Shifting cultivation has doe impacts on the society
and the environment. It is the main socio-economic activity of
the highlanders. Meanwhile, it has negative impact on the forest
and landscape. During the recent past, the fallow period of
shifting cultivation has been reduced to 2-3 years. Therefore,
the production and per ha yields of crops has largely been
decreased. Further, the shifting cultivation areas have also
been reduced to 58.1% from 1997-98 to 2010-11. As a result, 1.4%
forestland increases in Mizoram, between 1991 and 2011. This
study relies mostly upon the collection of secondary data and
review of existing research. Field observation of some shifting
cultivation areas of Aizawl and Mamit districts was carried out
that has enhanced the interpretation of data.
Key Words:
Shifting cultivation,
forest, implication, livelihood, Mizoram
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8.
Study
on Waders and Wetland Bird Diversity, and their Habitat
Selection of Some the Fresh Water Resources around Yavatmal
City, Maharashtra, India
Praveen Joshi
188-194
Abstract:
The study of Waders and wetland species
diversity and richness of some fresh water resources was carried
out in the period of Oct. 2013 to Mar 2014. Total number of 57
bird species in 3 orders and 13 families was recorded during the
survey. It was observed that there was a significant
relationship between habitat and bird species diversity. The
results of this study showed that bird diversity was normally
distributed in all the sites like 43 -Borgaon dam, 40 - Nilona
dam, 48 - Jamwadi dam, 26 - Arjuna dam, 22 -Echori Lake and 36 -
Singhandov dam. Out of 57 waders 16 species were noticed on all
the water bodies but 10 waders were observed on single dam
because of their highly-specific habitat requirements. Waders
are become increasingly intolerant of even slight ecosystem
disturbance which includes water quality index, soil quality
index, aquatic weeds diversity, food availability, surrounding
area and special features .It is really gives satisfaction that
all the ecological parameters are within their permissible
limits and all the fresh water resources are the best nesting,
feeding, and breeding ground as per species required. The
majority of wetland birds observed during this study were wide
spread resident, comprising 29 % of the total species, followed
by widespread winter visitor 12%, very local resident 1%, local
resident-winter visitors 6%, widespread Resident –winter
visitors 7 % and seasonal winter visitors vegetation 2% .
Wetland birds have been found to be good indicators of the
wetland environment and it must be managed sustainably. They
could serve as indicators revealing the state of the wetland, as
dispersal agents in transferring nutrients and spores from one
wetland to another during migration and local movements,
Immediate action should be taken by authority for improving the
availability of fresh water bodies and control on anthropogenic
activities which automatically helps to increase the waders and
wetlands species in this area.
Key Words:
Waders, Wetland, Diversity, Habitat selection, Fresh water
resource
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9. Medical Waste Disposal: Incineration and Non Incineration
Technology their Effects and prospects
Ranjana
Verma
195-198
Abstract:
Safe disposal of medical waste is one of
the major environmental issues. Medical waste consists of
infectious and other general waste. Incineration technology is
most common and routine practice in disposal of medical waste it
reduce huge amount of waste in to small volume and finally
converted into ash. Medical waste incinerator generate air and
soil pollution and are major source of dioxins and furans which
pose burden over environmental and human health. In present
study we discuss alternative or non incineration waste disposal
techniques; that is environmental friendly, economically cheap
and useful. Although no one technology offers a panacea to the
problem of medical waste disposal but other alternative waste
disposal technique can control pollution through incineration
unit at some extent.
Key Words: Medical waste disposal, incineration
technology, environmental threats, solution
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10.
Inhibition of Fumonisins (FB1
& FB2) Production by Organic Acids and Food
Preservatives
Shradha Dixit, Surendra Singh and Shikha Dixit
199-201
Abstract:
Effect of organic acids and food
preservatives from fumonisin production by toxigenic strains of
Fusarium mould (S2.PO.16,S1.PR.25)
revealed that 0.2% and 0.3% concentrations of benzoic acid and
sodium benzoate completely checked fumonisin B1 (FB1)
production. Further, benzoic acid and sod.benzoate totally
checked FB2 production at ever 0.1% concentration.
This study showed that benzoic acid and sodium benzoate were
found to be most effective inhibitors of fumonisin elaboration
and can be used for preventing fumonisin contamination in
sorghum grains.
Key Words:
Fumonisins, sorghum, Fusarium moniliforme,
mycotoxin, organic acids, food preservatives.
[Download Full PDF]
11.
A Study of Environmental and Health
Benefits of Mud and Clay
Siddhant Goel and Avdesh Bhardawaj
202-206
Abstract:
Out of the five constituent elements of
this universe mud (soil) has a pivotal role to play in our
well-being. The dark color of mud helps in absorbing different
colors and conveying them to the body, giving it therapeutic
properties. Mud is an important element of nature in our
environment. It contains important minerals which have positive
effects on human health. Mud can absorb toxins from human body
therefore is very useful in preventing many diseases. It is also
known for its healing properties. Mycobacterium vaccae is a
natural soil bacterium which people likely ingest or breath in
when they spend time in nature. Apart from the natural soil
bacterium other benefits of muds include mud baths, mud packs
etc. one may think that lolling in dirt can't offer any real
benefits, but mud baths are a relaxing way to unwind- and
they're good for us, too. For thousands of years, mud baths have
been touted as a cure-all for a number of health ailments. Mud
baths do have anti-inflammatory properties that make them
beneficial. It also helps in cooling and relaxing body as it can
hold moisture for a long time. They also contain many minerals
that can soothe itchy, irritated skin. Mud packs other hand
involves frequent application of packs of mud. It helps in
improving skin complexion and acts on skin spots and patches to
reduce them. Apart from mud bath and clay treatments it is a
proven fact that researchers have discovered that children who
play more in our natural environment and are involved in mud
play activities tend to be less vulnerable to diseases and
infections as compared to those who don’t. This paper examines
the benefits of natural mud, clay and soil in our environment on
our health and their importance in our daily life for our
well-being.
Key Words:
Mud, sustainable, soil erosion, health benefits, mud bath, clay
spa
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12.
A GIS Approach on Ground Water and
Surface Water Investigation of in and around Wellingdon Lake,
Tittakudi, Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu
V.
Vijayakumar, C. Suganya, S. Suganya, M.
Sivasri and S.Vasudevan
207-212
Abstract:
Irrigated agriculture is dependent on a
sufficient water supply of utilizable quality. In the past water
quality apprehensions had often been neglected because good
quality water supplies had been plentiful and readily available.
Wellingdon Lake is situated in Tittakudi taluk of Cuddalore
district, Tamil Nadu. It is located 50 km east of Neyveli and
south of Vellar River. The length of the lake is 1.5 km and
width is 1 km. The lake is located in between the Cuddalore and
Perambalur district. We have to collect 10 surface water samples
from Wellingdon Lake and 5 ground water samples from adjoining
area. We have to analyze the basic physico chemical Parameters
of the both water samples. The analyzed water samples to find
out different methods and also to be used in ARC GIS by
spatially represented the chemical characters of the water
samples.
Key Word:
Wellingdon Lake, Surface water and Ground water, Chemical
character, ARC GIS.
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13.
Qualitative study of epilithic algae diversity spectrum in
Lidder stream of Lidder Valley (Kashmir Himalayas)
Sumira Rasool, Ashwani Wanganeo and Ashok K. Pandit
213-218
Abstract:
Present study was carried out on Lidder stream in Lidder valley
of Kashmir Himalayas dealing with a typical taxonomic
composition of epilithic algae in stream. Epilithic algal
community was represented by 144 taxa belonging to four classes
namely, Bacillariophyceae with104 species (72%), Chlorophyceae
with 19 species (13%), Cyanophyceae with 12 species (8%),
Euglenophyceae with 4 species (3%) and Phylum Protozoa with 3
species (2%) while classes Chrysophyceae and Dinophyceae of
algae contributed 1 species (1%) each. Bacillariophyceae was
represented by some dominant forms like Navicula (16 species),
Nitzschia (11 species), Cymbella (9 species) and Gomphonema
(7species). Among blue green algae (Cyanophyceae), genus
Spirulina recorded 3 species and Merismopedia registered 2
species. While in Chlorophyceae, the highest number of species
was documented by genus Cosmarium (3 species), moreover
Closterium, Euastrum and Ulothrix registered 2 species each.
Bacillariophyceae was the predominant class at all the sites
with the highest contribution of 104 species at sites S1c, S2d,
S2g and S4 (first year) and S1a, S1b, S2d, S2e, S2f, S2g, and S4
(second year) while the lowest of 98 species were recorded at
site S3 during the entire study, rest of the groups were
moderately to least represented.
Key Words: - Taxonomic, Epilithic algae, Lidder
valley, Kashmir, Himalayas
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14.
Method for Improving Thermal Performances of Vapour Compression
Refrigeration Systems Using Energy and Exergy Analysis for
Reducing Global Warming and Ozone Depletioning Using Ecofriendly
Refrigerants
R.S. Mishra
219-231
Abstract:
In this paper the method for improving thermal performance of
vapour compression refrigeration system using multiple
evaporators and compressors with individual or multiple
expansion valves have been considered by using first law and
second law analysis. Numerical models have been developed for
parallel and series expansion valves in the VCR. The comparison
of above systems have been done in terms of first law
efficiency, second law efficiency and exergy destruction ratio
by using R410a, R290, R600, R600a, R1234yf, R502, R404a,
R1234ze, R134a and R152a. it was observed that for the same
degree of subcooling, fixed evaporators and condenser
temperatures multiple evaporators and compressors with multiple
expansion valves system is the best system with comparisons of
system with individual expansion valves. The comparison was also
done using eight ecofriendly refrigerants and it was found that
R600, R600a, R290 and R152A show better performances than other
refrigerants for both systems but due to inflammable property of
R600 and R600a, R152a is preferred for both systems.
Key Words: Energy and exergy analysis, thermal
performance, global warming
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15.
Analysis of Protein Alteration in Liver of Channa punctatus
after Intoxication of Cypermathrin
Surabhi Yadav and K.K.
Gaur
219-23
Abstract:
Worldwide pesticide usage has increased
dramatically during the past two decades, coinciding with
changes in farming practices and increasingly intensive
agriculture. Environmental pollution caused by pesticides,
especially in aquatic ecosystems, has become a serious problem.
Present study deals with the harmful effects of pyrethroids
which is cypermethrin in the investigation, on fresh water fish
Channa punctatus showing its deleterious effects. The experiment conducted on Channa
punctatus results in certain valuable information with regard to
effect of cypermethrin on biochemistry. The fishes constitute
one of the major sources of nutritional food value for human
beings. Despite high fish population densities, histology of
liver indicates unfavorable environmental conditions for
individual fish under stress of effluents. In the present study,
a significant decrease in liver proteins in Channa punctatus
after acute (4days), sub-chronic (20days) and chronic (45days)
treatment to doses 8.124, 1.624 and 0.722µg/l of cypermethrin
has been observed respectively. This decline in albumin,
globulin and A/G ratio correlated with decrease in protein
content as these are the integral contents of protein itself. In
conclusion it can be stated that cypermethrin is highly toxic to
aquatic fauna specially fishes and affect their biochemistry.
Key Words:
Channa punctatus, Cypermathrin, Liver,
Protein
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16. Physio-Chemical
Analysis of Water Taken from Wetland (Sapanmori and Hans Sarover)
of Keoladeo National Park Bharatpur (Rajasthan)
C.K. Mishra and J.K. Singh
238-244
Abstract: The ground water quality is determined
in Sapa nmori and Hans sarover wetland that lays in Keoladeo
national park bharatpur Rajasthan, where from each two sites
water samples are under studied for physico-chemical status of
water.In physico-chemical analysis carbonate and bicarbonate are
measured present in ground water. It was recorded that Carbonate
alkalinity was maximum (25.25 mg/lit and 28.5mg/lit) in summer
season and minimum (5.0 mg/lit and 6.0 mg/lit) in winter season.
On the other hand Bicarbonate alkalinity was recorded maximum
(228.75 mg/lit and 241.25 mg/lit) in summer season, and minimum
(50.0 mg/lit and 52.5 mg/lit) in winter season.Also all
parameters compared with ICMR standards of water quality.
Key Words:
Sapanmori, Hans Sarover, Physio-chemical
analysis
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17. Infestation and Damage Level of Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips
dorsalis on Chilli Capsicum annuum Crop
Manika Gupta and Virendra
Kumar
245-246
Abstract:
Damage to Chilli crop,
Capsicum annuum caused by chillithrips, Scirtothrip sdorsalis
(Hood) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was noticed under net house
conditions at D.S college in District Aligarh. Severe
infestation by chillithrips on chilli crop was seen in the month
of May- June 2015. We observed the adult thrips and its larvae
fed on various plant parts (twig, leaf, flower, and fruit) in
the form of deformities. Prolonged feeding by chillithrips
reduced photosynthesis of the plant results were obtained in the
form of abscission of leaves and flowers causing economic loss
in agricultural yields. Thrips fluctuations recorded up to
30-35/flower at regular intervals (7-9days and fortnightly). So,
the level of damage increases up to 85-90%. There were no
controlled method (biological /chemical) applied to minimize the
impact (damage and infestation) of thrips on chilli crop.
Key words:
Scirtothrips dorsalis, Infestation, Damage Level, Chilli
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18. Effect
of flower extracts of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. on the
weights of body, testes and epididymes in male albino rats
Vinay
Kumar
247-248
Abstract:
Effect of flower extracts of Hibiscus rosa sinensis was studied
in male albino rats. The study was divided into three groups of
five animals each. Rats of group ‘A’ were administered the
aqueous extract of flowers at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight on
each alternate day for 15 days. Rats of group ‘B’ were
administered with benzene extract of flowers in the same way.
Rats of group ‘C’ received distilled water and served as
control. Observations on changes in weights of body, testes and
epididymes were recorded. A Significant reduction in weights of
these organs was observed. The results suggested that male
reproductive organs of rats are affected by the flower extract
of Hibiscus rosa sinensis.
Keywords:
Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Testes, Epididymes
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19.
An Assessment of Abiotic and Biotic Factors of a Fresh Water
Body, Dadri, District G.B. Nagar, U.P.
Vinay
Kumar
249-251
Abstract:
Present study has been conducted to study the abiotic and biotic
factors of a fresh water body located at Dadri, District G. B.
Nagar (U. P.). Water samples collected were analyzed for some
abiotic factors i.e. Temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen, CO2 and
Alkalinity. Biotic factors were assessed by studying the
zooplankton population which is represented by 3 major groups
i.e. Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda. Monthly variations in
both abiotic and biotic factors are described.
Keywords:
Abiotic and Biotic factors, water, Zooplanktons
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20.
Assessment of average annual effective dose and study of
radon concentration in different types of water samples
M.S.A. Khan
252-255
Abstract:
Radon and its decay products are the main source of natural
radiation exposure. Alpha particle emissions of radon in
drinking water increase the absorbed dose by the respiratory and
gastrointestinal systems, which can lead to cancer. In the
present study, annual effective dose and radon concentration
measurement has been carried out in four different types of
water samples i.e. (mineral water, distilled water, tape water
and surface water) in Shahjahanpur city of Uttar Pradesh by
using sensitive plastic track detector (CR-39). It is observed
that our results are less than the maximum contaminant level of
11Bq/L (300pCi/L) and 1-10mSv/y for annual effective dose for
the US Environmental Protection Agency.
Keywords:
Annual effect dose,
CR-39 detector, Radon concentration, Water samples
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21.
Appearance of Fusarial Rots on Benincasa hispida Cogn (Petha)
K.K. Singh
256-257
Abstract:
Keywords:
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22.
Bioefficacy of Certain Plant Powders against Pulse Beetle,
Callosobruchus chinensis L. Infesting Chickpea Seeds
Astha Dwivedi and Jyoti Kumar
258-263
Abstract:
Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the bioefficacy of
three plant powders Piper nigrum (seed), Capsicum annum (fruit)
and Lantana camara(leaf) against Callosobruchus chinensis in
festing chickpea seeds. Results indicated that P. nigrum and C.
annum had significant effect on mortality and egg laying
capacity of the test insect. Minimum days taken for 100 per cent
mortality was 1.96 in P. nigrum, 4.66 in C. annum and 9.13 in L.
camarawhen used in highest concentration. At a conc. of
2gm/100mg, P. nigrumshowed the maximum efficiency on the egg
laying followed by C. annum (1q.13 eggs/grain) and L. camara
(1.36 egg/grain).
Keywords:
Callosobruchu
schinensis, Piper nigrum, Capsicum annum, Lantana camara,
mortality F1 individuals.
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